Introductory Biology Laboratory Manual: 2025 Release

UNIT I The Cell
1. Scientific Method
2. Measuring with Metric
3. Microscopy
4. Chemical Composition of Cells
5. Cell Structure and Function
6. How Enzymes Function
7. Cellular Respiration
8. Photosynthesis
UNIT II Genetics
9. Mitosis: Cellular Reproduction
10. Meiosis: Sexual Reproduction
11. Patterns of Inheritance
12. Human Genetics
13. DNA Biology and Technology
UNIT III Evolution
14. Evidence of Evolution
15. Natural Selection
UNIT IV Microbiology
16. Introduction to Microbiology
17. Bacteria and Protists
18. Fungi
UNIT V Plant Evolution and Diversity
19. Nonvascular Plants and Seedless Vascular Plants
20. Seed Plants
21. Organization of Flowering Plants
22. Water Absorption and Transport in Plants
23. Control of Plant Growth and Responses
24. Reproduction in Flowering Plants
UNIT VI Animal Evolution and Diversity
25. Essentials of Invertebrates
26. Invertebrates
27. Invertebrate Coelomates
28. The Vertebrates
UNIT VII Comparative Animal Biology
29. Animal Organization
30. Basic Mammalian Anatomy I
31. Chemical Aspects of Digestion
32. Basic Mammalian Anatomy II
33. Homeostasis
34. The Nervous System and Senses
35. Musculoskeletal System I
36. Musculoskeletal System II
37. Development
UNIT VIII Ecology
38. Effects of Pollution on Ecosystems
39. Sampling Ecosystems
UNIT IX Human Biology
40. Scientific Method
41. Cell Structure and Function
42. Body Tissues
43. Organization of the Body
44. Cardiovascular System
45. Energy Requirements and Nutrition
46. Homeostasis
47. Nervous System and Senses
48. Reproduction and Development
49. Mitosis and Meiosis
Appendices
A- Preparing a Laboratory Report
B- Metric System
Index

The laboratory exercises in Introductory Biology Laboratory Manual cover the entire field of biology from an evolutionary perspective. There is a breadth of coverage that can be adapted to a variety of course orientations and designs, including a unit specifically for courses requiring human-focused labs. This lab manual can be customized to only include the specific exercises needed school-by-school.

All exercises have been tested for student interest, preparation and completion times, feasibility, and reliability of results. Directions to students are clear and follow common laboratory standards and practices.

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